This session presents findings from a pilot study examining the ethical decision-making processes trainees use when reporting research misconduct. Understanding why and how trainees choose to come forward is critical to improving reporting and preventing issues. The study explores the types of unethical behaviors trainees observe, how they define misconduct, and the factors influencing their decision to report. Using survey data and follow-up interviews, the research highlights the motivations, pressures, and barriers shaping these decisions. Insights from this work will guide future interventions to strengthen scientific integrity, protect trainees, and foster a culture of ethical responsibility across research communities.